Acid reflux occurs when stomach contents flow backward into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation often called heartburn. While many people experience this discomfort occasionally, frequent episodes may indicate a chronic condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The lower esophageal sphincter usually prevents this backflow, but it may weaken or relax inappropriately over time. Here are some ways a gastroenterologist helps manage acid reflux:
Identifies Causes
Determining why acid reflux happens is the first step of an evaluation. A gastroenterologist reviews your medical history to spot patterns in your symptoms. They ask about your diet, lifestyle habits, and current medications. Certain foods, such as spicy dishes or caffeine, can trigger symptoms in susceptible individuals. Sometimes, the root cause is structural, such as a hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach pushes up into the chest.
Obesity typically increases abdominal pressure, which frequently leads to reflux issues. Smoking and alcohol consumption also relax the esophageal muscles that keep acid in the stomach. By pinpointing specific triggers, the doctor creates a foundation for effective management. They might discover that a medication you take for another condition is contributing to the problem. This thorough investigation helps separate temporary discomfort from chronic disease.
Checks for Complications
Long-term exposure to stomach acid damages the lining of the esophagus, so a gastroenterologist uses specialized tests to assess the extent of damage. An upper endoscopy allows the doctor to view the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine directly using a small camera. This procedure helps identify inflammation or ulcers.
Biopsies taken during an endoscopy provide further insight into tissue health. One complication they look for is Barrett’s esophagus, a condition where esophageal tissue changes and potentially leads to cancer. Esophageal manometry measures the rhythmic muscle contractions in your esophagus during swallowing; it also evaluates the coordination and force of these contractions.
These diagnostic procedures confirm whether reflux is the primary issue or if other conditions mimic the symptoms. Early detection of complications allows for interventions that prevent further deterioration. Without proper assessment, silent damage may progress unnoticed for years.
Manages Treatment
Once the doctor understands the causes and severity, they develop a tailored plan. Treatments for acid reflux may include:
- Lifestyle modifications: Specialists usually recommend weight loss and dietary changes to eliminate trigger foods. Elevating the head of your bed helps gravity keep acid in the stomach while you sleep.
- Medications: These help reduce acid production or neutralize existing acid. Over-the-counter antacids provide quick, short-term relief for mild cases, but for persistent symptoms, doctors prescribe H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to lower stomach acid levels more effectively. The specialist monitors your response to these medications and adjusts dosages as needed.
- Surgery: Procedures such as fundoplication reinforce the lower esophageal sphincter to prevent gastroesophageal reflux. Newer, less invasive techniques aim to strengthen the barrier between the stomach and esophagus.
Work With an Acid Reflux Specialist
Living with chronic heartburn affects your daily life and long-term health, and a gastroenterologist can diagnose the underlying issues fueling your discomfort. Their comprehensive approach addresses both immediate symptom relief and the prevention of future complications. If you experience frequent acid reflux, schedule an appointment with a specialist today.
